The global urea (46% N) market is undergoing a massive shift. While Nigeria has rapidly transformed from a net-importer to a major exporter of urea fertilizer, smart importers are increasingly diversifying their supply chains by also sourcing from strategic hubs like Vietnam and Colombia. Massive new plants have come online in Nigeria between 2021–2025, while Vietnam leverages its established surplus capacity, and Colombia offers critical regional access for the Americas. Together, these three nations are redefining global fertilizer supply chains.